Xalalka Sawirka Caafimaadka Nukliyeerka
Waa maxay sawirka caafimaad?
Sawirka caafimaadka nukliyeerka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan scanning radionuclide) waa qalab lagu ogaanayo wax ku ool ah sababtoo ah ma muujinayso kaliya anatomi (qaabka) xubinta ama qaybta jirka, laakiin sidoo kale shaqada xubinta."Macluumaad shaqeyneysa" oo dheeri ah ayaa u oggolaaneysa daawada nukliyeerka in ay baarto cudurrada qaarkood iyo xaalado caafimaad oo kala duwan si aad uga dhaqso badan baaritaannada sawir-qaadista ee kale ee bixiya macluumaadka ugu badan anatomic (qaabdhismeedka) ee ku saabsan xubin ama xubin jirka ah.Daawooyinka nukliyeerka waxay noqon karaan kuwo qiimo leh marka hore loo ogaado, daawaynta, iyo ka hortagga xaalado caafimaad oo badan waxayna sii wadaan inay koraan sidii qalab caafimaad oo xooggan.
Inta badan machadyada DARYEELKA CAAFIMAADKA ee bixiya maaraynta sawirka ogaanshaha caafimaadka oo qayb ka ahaa nolol maalmeedkooda hababka shucaaca guud (sida, CT, MR, Raajo, PET, SPECT, iwm.).Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xirfadlayaasha xarumahan, laga bilaabo takhaatiirta, tignoolajiyada, iyo maamulayaasha, shaqaalaha PACS/IT, waxay sidoo kale dareemeen xanuunka la'aanta xalalka PACS ee habboon ee habab kala duwan.Hababka ugu badan ee aan loo adeegin ee PACS waa hababka sawirka molecular nukliyeerka, oo ay ku jiraan PET-CT, SPECT-CT, wadnaha nukliyeerka, iyo daawada guud ee nukliyeerka.
Inkasta oo sawirka molecular-ka nukliyeerka uu yahay mid yar marka loo eego tirada imtixaannada la sameeyo sannadkii, muhiimaddeeda maaha in la dhayalsado, caafimaad ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba.PET-CT ayaa la caddeeyey inay tahay habka dhabta ah marka ay timaado ogaanshaha kansarka.Wadnaha nukliyeerka ayaa ahaa habka doorashada wadnaha aan fiicneyn.Daawada guud ee nukliyeerka ayaa bixisa codsiyo sawir-qaadasho oo badan oo aan habab kale la jaan qaadi karin.Dhaqaale ahaan, PET-CT iyo wadnaha nukliyeerka ayaa wali ka mid ah hababka lacag-celinta ugu badan ee sawirka ogaanshaha.
Maxaa ka dhigaya sawir-qaadista unugyada caafimaadka nukliyeerka ah ee ka duwan hababka shucaaca guud waa in sawirradii hore ay qabtaan shaqooyinka jidhka, halka kan dambe uu sawiro anatomy ee jirka.Tani waa sababta sawirka unugyada nukliyeerka mararka qaarkood sidoo kale loogu yeero sawir-qaadista dheef-shiid kiimikaadka.Si loo falanqeeyo hawlaha jidhka ee sawirada la helay, qalab gaar ah oo daawasho iyo falanqayn ayaa loo baahan yahay.Qalabkani waa kuwa ka maqan inta badan PACS maanta.
Marka tan la eego, Shirkadda tignoolajiyada sawir-qaadista caafimaadka oo aad iyo aad u badan ayaa doonaysa inay horumariso jiilka cusub ee PET, SPECT.
Maxaad u dooratay Kinheng:
1.Mnimal pixel cabbir la heli karo
2.In la dhimo hadal-is-dhaafsiga indhaha
3. Labis wanaagsan oo u dhexeeya pixel ilaa pixel/ Array to array
4.TiO2/BaSO4/ESR/E60 muraayadaha la heli karo
5.Pixel Farqiga: 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3mm
6.Tijaabada wax qabad ee la heli karo
Isbarbardhigga Guryaha Alaabta:
| Magaca shayga | CsI(Tl) | GAGG | CDWO4 | LYSO | LSO | BGO | GOS(Pr/Tb) dhoobada |
| Cufnaanta (g/cm3) | 4.51 | 6.6 | 7.9 | 7.15 | 7.3 ~ 7.4 | 7.13 | 7.34 |
| Hygroscopic | Wax yar | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Soosaarka iftiinka qaraabada ah (% ee NaI(Tl)) (loogu talagalay γ-rays) | 45 | 158(HL)/ 132(BL)/79(FD) | 32 | 65-75 | 75 | 15-20 | 71/118 |
| Waqtiga (ns) | 1000 | 150(HL)/ 90(BL)/748(FD) | 14000 | 38-42 | 40 | 300 | 3000/600000 |
| Afterglow@30ms | 0.6-0.8% | 0.1-0.2% | 0.1-0.2% | N/A | N/A | 0.1-0.2% | 0.1-0.2% |
| Nooca habaysan | Liner iyo 2D | Liner iyo 2D | Liner iyo 2D | 2D | 2D | 2D | Liner iyo 2D |
Naqshadaynta makaanikada ee isku xirka:
Iyada oo ku saleysan adeegsiga dhamaadka ee isku dubaridka, waxaa jira noocyo badan oo nashqad makaanik ka Kinheng si ay ula kulmaan caafimaadka iyo warshadaha kormeerka ammaanka.
1D Liner array waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa warshadaha baarista Amniga, sida iskaanka Bagger, iskaanka duulista, iskaanka 3D iyo NDT.Waxyaabaha ay ku jiraan CsI(Tl), GOS:Tb/Pr Film, GAGG:Ce, CdWO4 scintillator iwm.
2D array ayaa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa sawir qaadista, oo ay ku jiraan Medical(SPECT, PET, PET-CT, ToF-PET), SEM, camera Gamma.Qaab dhismeedkan 2D waxaa caadi ahaan lagu lamaaniyaa siligga SIPM, PMT array si loo akhriyo.Kinheng waxay bixisaa 2D array oo ay ku jiraan LYSO, CsI (Tl), LSO, GAGG, YSO, CsI (Na), BGO scintillator iwm.
Hoos waxaa ku yaal sawirka naqshadaynta caadiga ah ee kinheng ee 1D Iyo 2D ee warshadaha.
(Kinheng liner array)
(Kinheng 2D array)
Cabbirka Pixel & lambarrada caadiga ah:
| Qalab | Cabbirka pixel-ka caadiga ah | Tirooyinka caadiga ah | ||
| Liner | 2D | Liner | 2D | |
| CsI(Tl) | 1.275x2.7 | 1x1mm | 1x16 | 19x19 |
| GAGG | 1.275x2.7 | 0.5x0.5mm | 1X16 | 8x8 |
| CDWO4 | 1.275x2.7 | 3x3mm | 1x16 | 8x8 |
| LYSO/LSO/YSO | N/A | 1X1mm | N/A | 25x25 |
| BGO | N/A | 1x1mm | N/A | 13X13 |
| GOS(Tb/Pr) dhoobada | 1.275X2.7 | 1X1mm | 1X16 | 19X19 |
Cabbirka ugu yar ee Pixel:
| Qalab | Cabbirka pixel-ka ugu yar | |
| Liner | 2D | |
| CsI(Tl) | 0.4mm dhexroor | 0.5mm dhexroor |
| GAGG | 0.4mm dhexroor | 0.2mm |
| CDWO4 | 0.4mm dhexroor | 1mm |
| LYSO/LSO/YSO | N/A | 0.2mm |
| BGO | N/A | 0.2mm |
| GOS(Tb/Pr) dhoobada | 0.4mm dhexroor | 1mm dhexroor |
Milicsiga Qalabaynta Sawirka iyo cabbiraadda Dheegga:
| Milicsi | Dhumucda Milicsiga+Adhesive | |
| Liner | 2D | |
| TiO2 | 0.1-1mm | 0.1-1mm |
| BaSO4 | 0.1mm | 0.1-0.5mm |
| ESR | N/A | 0.08mm |
| E60 | N/A | 0.075mm |
Codsiga:
| Magaca shayga | CsI(Tl) | GAGG | CDWO4 | LYSO | LSO | BGO | GOS (Tb/Pr) dhoobada |
| PET, ToF-PET | Haa | Haa | Haa | ||||
| MEESHA | Haa | Haa | |||||
| CT | Haa | Haa | Haa | Haa | |||
| NDT | Haa | Haa | Haa | ||||
| Sawir qaade shandad | Haa | Haa | Haa | ||||
| Hubinta weelka | Haa | Haa | Haa | ||||
| Kamarada Gamma | Haa | Haa |
Sawirada alaabta:
